Review by Duncan Mitchel
Chang
I have a confession to make: I don't much like Im Kwon-taek's films.
Oh, I respect them: the old man learned his trade doing hackwork, and
worked his way up to arthouse fare and international fame. He knows how to make
a movie, and I'm never bored when I watch one. Between his expertise and that of
his longtime cinematographer Jung Il-sung, Im delivers a product that panders
both to my movie-fan's craving for visual impact (with gritty sex for
seasoning), and to my pointy-headed intellectual's craving for pretension (with
gritty sex to show his, um, artistic integrity).
But I feel a coldness in Im's work that puts me off in the end, and I also
feel him trying to prove that he's an auteur of world-class cinema like Ingmar
Bergman at his worst, though on the whole I like Im better than Bergman. (No, I
haven't seen all 100 of Im's movies has anyone? but I've seen enough of
those that put him on the map to have formed a working opinion.) He takes an
oddly detached view of Korean life, as if he were an anthropologist describing
Han exotica to titillate outsiders except that the outsiders are mostly
Koreans themselves.
Chang (aka Downfall) isn't one of Im's best-known films, but it's
a good example of his virtues and his limitations. It's the story of an orphan
girl (Shin Eun-kyung, My Wife Is A Gangster) who's abducted into
prostitution in the 1970s. Her career is a microcosm of life in South Korea's
bars and brothels, as she goes from house to house and city to city. For a while
she runs a place of her own before tumbling back down to the bottom; by that
time she's given up hope of ever getting out of the Life. She meets a studly guy
who gives her pleasure for the first time (in the film, anyway), but he turns
out to be just another pimp, living off her earnings to make sure she never
saves enough to buy herself out. She marries a rich older man, but he treats her
as his own private whore for the use of guests and business associates, and when
his college-age son discovers her background, she's back where she started. (She
mentions that her husband even lent her to foreigners, which is a reminder that
we see no foreigners onscreen. There's more to prostitution in Korea than the
women who service American soldiers.)
Of course there's a shy, odd-looking country boy (Han Jong-hyeon) from Cholla
Province, with lank shoulder-length hair, denim jacket, khaki pants, and
clodhopper shoes. His name is Gil-yeong. He lets her sleep because she seems so
tired, then looks at her body by matchlight; at dawn he slips out after the
friend who brought him there. But later, when she's moved to a new house, she
passes a machine shop where he's working, and they start seeing each other. "Are
you okay?" she asks him, "Did you get a disease?" "It's almost cured now," he
reassures her. They love each other, but they never seem to consider becoming a
couple themselves. Gil-yeong always tracks her down, and keeps trying to find
the town of Young-eun's early memories, a rural Eden that is gone forever
because of the modernization and urbanization of Korea. (Gil-yeong is pulled
over by the police three times in the movie for not wearing a helmet while
riding his motorcycle; it's almost a running joke, maybe a tiny act of recurring
resistance.)
There are other indications that Im intended Chang as an allegory of
recent Korean history. Chae Young-eun's career spans two rather turbulent
decades, and TVs are always on in the background. When President Park Chung-hee
is assassinated, the women are blase. "Sure," comments one as Park's funeral
plays on TV, "he made it easy for us to be whores." We're also told later in the
film that it's hardly necessary to kidnap orphans into sex slavery anymore, with
all sorts of women even respectable middle-aged ajummas voluntarily turning
tricks for pin money and diversion from their boring middle-class lives.
Young-eun moves again, to a seaside town, and as Gil-yeong arrives on a rainy
day, the accession of Chun Du-hwan to the Presidency is announced on TV.
Young-eun is living with a taxi driver who's helping to pay off her debt. They
plan to marry, and she invites Gil-yeong to come. He congratulates her; no
jealousy. But her marriage fails, as does Gil-yeong's engagement to a
yangban girl
And so it goes, through the opening of the 1988 Olympics in
Seoul, with archival footage of President Roh Tae-woo kicking off the
festivities. (Once again I was struck by Roh's resemblance to George W. Bush,
only with Buddha earlobes.) I enjoyed the appearance of various Korean character
actors and stars to be, especially Park Sang-myeon, who would appear again with
Shin Eun-kyeong in My Wife Is A Gangster. Here he's a heavy who runs a
bar where Young-eun works, without the charm and humor he'd later display.
Probably the most striking aspect of Chang is Im's use of a cutaway
set for the brothel, allowing him to track from room to room and peek at one
john after another, their quirks and weaknesses. (It's a common feature in films
about prostitution, from Lizzie Borden's Working Girls to Gus Van Sant's
My Own Private Idaho, to show the humorous fetishes of the customers, so
very unlike the wholesome voyeurism of the filmmaker and audience.)
Im's next film after Chang was his version of the Korean evergreen
Chunhyang, which won lots of awards and established him definitively on
the international scene. Chunhyang fits with and comments on its
predecessor, contrasting the photogenic and refined kisaeng of the good
old days with the degraded bar girls nowadays. But kisaeng were at the
top of the sex trade in their day; there were also lower-class, cut-rate working
women (and men) who weren't as glamorous. Chunhyang's Cinderella-style happy
ending contrasts with the unhappy one of Young-eun, who if she's not Everywoman
is much more typical of her trade. (Duncan
Mitchel)